Showing posts with label Web And Social. Show all posts

Network Topology




Network topology is defined by two types — physical topology and the logical topology. While physical topology talks more about the geometry and physical placement of the devices on the same hand, logical topology is more about the way data communication or signalling happens among the devices.

What is Network Topology?

Network topology is the arrangement of the different networking elements like network links, computers, switches, nodes, Wi-Fi access points, laptops and other network devices in a computer network.
There are two types of Network Topologies:
  • Physical Network topology and,
  • Logical Network topology

What is a Physical topology?

A Physical topology defines how all the network devices are connected physically in a computer network. It mostly defines the physical connections among the devices.

What is a Logical topology?

A logical topology defines the logical connectivity of network devices on a computer network. So, it might happen that the devices connected in one type of physical topology might have different underlying logical topology.
If we elaborate more on the physical topology, it is essentially the placement of the various network components in a computer like the placement of the devices, the connection among the devices, installation of the cables etc. On the other hand, logical connection defines how data flows among the devices.
For example, let say there are five devices (A, B, C, D and E) that are connected in a row. This configuration of network devices might look more like a Bus topology. But let’s say device A can directly transmit the data to the device E. That means it looks more like a Circle which a Ring topology logically but a bus topology physically.
We will talk about different kinds of topologies — physical and logical — one by one in the next article. If you want articles on some particular topic, feel free to ask us in comments below.
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Brain – The New AI-powered Search Engine That Wants To Replace Google



Brain is the new product from Jerry Yue which is based on an advanced algorithm. Brain will work as a personal virtual assistant for each user by having users input not just a profile of who they are, but what they do and what they want to do in the future.
Jerry Yue who became famous for his last startup, the Chinese food delivery service Benlai.com, is on the way to launch Brain LLC in the US with the help of his young team of engineers from China’s top engineering school in Beijing.

Also Read: What Code Should You Learn In 2016
The engineers at Brain LLC claim that they have developed an advanced algorithm based on artificial intelligence that serves up the most contextually relevant information to a user without the need to go through the search results. One step further, Brain’s Advanced algorithm is already answering questions on Quora with an incredible degree of accuracy.
But, according to Jerry Yue, this is just the beginning. Ultimately, Yue wants his advanced algorithm to serve as a compliment to a users’ own brain.
“At a high level… if Google is a search engine this is an ambition engine,”
— Yue tells.
In the upcoming days, Yue wants ‘Brain’ to be the personal virtual assistant for each user by having users input not just a profile of who they are, but what they do and what they want to do in the future. Based on the user profile, Brain will create a set of data sets and it will combine its data set with a social platform to connect users who share similar interests.
While Yue was building Benlai.com, he spent his spare time tinkering with robotics and programming.
“I’ve been working on this algorithm for more than four years,”
— said Yue.
He has already raised nearly $1.5 million funds from an influential Chinese investor.

Do You Know HTML And CSS? Prove Your Skills By Playing Super Markup World In Your Browser



There’s a new game online that you can play in your browser and dust off your HTML and CSS skills. Play Super Markup World now and use HTML commands to save your friend.
Do you know basic HTML? Is Super Mario Bros one of your favorite games? Assuming that you’ve answered these questions in positive, I’ll tell you about Super Markup World.
This game demands the knowledge of HTML and CSS to move ahead. Unlike Mario games, you don’t get to jump here and there or save the princess. Instead, you need to solve a series of HTML puzzles in the command window to save your friend Pixella.
The game doesn’t feature a solid storyline or thrill of famous games, but it allows you to use coding to extend your platform or create new ones to reach the other side.
The description of the game reads:
Pixel and Pixella live in the Super Markup World which was created by the great architect Markup Polo. On a beautiful sunny day when Pixel and Pixella visited the mountainous region of Divland the evil architect Badacss has collapsed all the mountains! Pixella somehow evaded the disaster using a hyperlink tag. But now Pixel and Pixella are separated! It is up to you, Pixel, to find Pixella and destroy badacss.
If you know some CSS, you can use some clever tricks (find them here) and scripts to make your game easier. Note that at the moment this game is only designed for Chrome and performance in other browsers is terrible.
Give Super Markup World a try and test your HTML and CSS skills. Feel free to share your experience in the comments below.

What Code Should You Learn in 2016?



Why you should learn to code?

Apple Founder Steve Jobs once said in an interview: “I think everybody in this country should learn how to program a computer because it teaches you how to think.”
With the changing environment around us and the inclusion of computers in our personal space, technology and computers are now an integral part of our lives. Learning how to code shouldn’t be looked upon as applied sciences and math because it shows us a path to solve life problems and process our thoughts.

Also Read: 5 Reasons Why You Should Learn To Code
This isn’t just a career making skill, but it’s also an in-demand job skill. If you are proficient in your field and having technical knowledge of your subject, learning how to code can empower you to become different and get more attention.
Learning code is now easier than ever. There are so many free and open platforms waiting for you to come and join them. Considering the fact that the average salary of a computer programmer touched an all-time high of $100,000 last year, learning and mastering a language isn’t a bad idea at all.

What Code Should You Learn?

Today I am sharing an enriching infographics by WhoIs Hosting. This telling you about the multiple choices you face as a beginner. Take a look:
learn to code
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The Genius Life Of Apple’s Founder Steve Jobs

he life of Steve Jobs wasn’t a straight line. He faced challenges and overcame them to become a winner. “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith,” he said. Here’s the winding path of late Apple founder, showing how he became a legend.
Born on February 24, 1955, Steve Jobs grew up to lead the world’s most valuable company. His journey to the top wasn’t a straight line and it came with many challenges. However, moving ahead, finding inspiration and creativity through different means, he painted a snapshot of a genius’s life.
You might be knowing that Steve explored India and Buddhism, but few people know that Steve Jobs even tried to become an astronaut and start a computer company in the Soviet Union. After returning from India, he convinced Wozniak to quit his job at HP and join his personal computers venture. They founded Apple computers in the Jobs family garage and sold items like scientific calculators to raise capital.
As said earlier, his life was more like a winding path. But, he never settled. He craved for more and didn’t lose faith. During his famous talk in 2005 at the commencement at Stanford, he said the same —
You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle.
Here’s an info graphic of the life of Steve Jobs and how he started his journey. Created by fundersandfounders.com, it’s based on Walter Isaacson’s biography Steve Jobs. Take a look:

Top 5 Billionaires In The Technology World

It’s time to meet the top five billionaires in the technology world. They are the people who have superpowers to change the world and make it more simple and connected. Their contribution to the human society is priceless.
Let’s take a look at the top five names from the Forbes’ list of the rich people in tech. These billionaires have changed the way how we commute, socialize , shop, and entertain ourselves. Apart from changing the face of the technology world, they have invested their sincere efforts and hard-earned money for the betterment and upliftment of those who are unable to fulfil their daily needs.

Bill Gates:


Wealth: $79.6 billion
Nationality: American
Known For: Microsoft, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Born on October 28, 1955, the multi-billionaire retained the crown of the wealthiest person for 16 times in the Forbes list. It is hard to guess, for a man with so delicate appearance, designed his school seating arrangement systemin such a way that it allowed him to sit next to female students. His family encouraged him to get familiar with coding at an early age and emphasized on competition, there was a reward for each success, no matter how small and a penalty for every failure.
At Lakeside School, he wrote his first code that was a Tic-Tac-Toe using BASIC programming language on a GE computer. He met Paul Allen in 1968, who partnered him in his coding activities and the duo finally created Microsoft in Gates’ garage in 1975. His biggest rival was Steve Jobs, who co-founded Apple in 1977. Two were high achievers, college dropouts, and created billion-dollar companies. Though they were just opposite of each other but they had an indefinable relationship. Gates got emotional when he was asked about Jobs after his death.
He and I, in a sense, grew up together. We were within a year of the same age, and we were kind of naively optimistic and built big companies. And every fantasy we had about creating products and learning new things — we achieved all of it. And most of it as rivals. But we always retained a certain respect and communication, including even when he was sick.
— Gates said in an interview. Most of you might not know, Bill Gates wrote a letter to Steve Jobs when he was in his last days. Steve didn’t read that letter, maybe he already knew what Bill wanted to convey in that piece of paper.
In early Microsoft days, Gates used to remember employees’ licence plates so that he could keep an eye on their attendance. He left his CEO position in the year 2000 and served as the chairman of Microsoft until 2014 when he finally restructured his priority list and became more involved as Co-Chair at Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to pursue his hobby as a philanthropist. The foundation works for the upliftment of people in poor and underdeveloped countries and provides financial aid to fight dangerous diseases.
Apart from the technology world, he has been a much talked about name on other platforms. He bagged a position in the list of “50 Most Eligible Bachelors” in 1985. He married Melinda French on January 1, 1994, has three kinds Jenifer, Phoebe, and Rory and lives with his family in the 66,000 sq. ft. home known as The Gates’ Mansion.

Larry Ellison:

Wealth: $50 billion
Nationality: American
Known For: Oracle
Born in New York City, he was an adopted child to a Jewish family and we can find him as one of the names in the list of dropout billionaires. Initially, Ellison worked for Ampex Corporation where he was assigned the task to design a database for CIA. In 1977, he started his own company called Software Development Laboratories with two partners and an initial investment of $2000. The company was later renamed to Oracle Systems Corporation after its famous database product Oracle.
Ellison is a licenced pilot and to satisfy his flying passion, he has shelled out some serious amount of cash. His aircraft collection also includes two military jets, SIAI-Marchetti S.211 and MIG-29. The military jet pilot is also a tennis fan and to content his tennis fever, he has bought the ownership of the Indian Wells Tennis Garden and the Indian Wells Masters tournament.
The ex-CEO of Oracle now serves as the Executive Chairman and CTO at an annual $1 paycheck. He has criticized a list of technology executives for violating Oracle’s patent rights. In an interview with Charlie Rose on CBS This Morning, he accused Google and specifically Larry Page, ‘of being evil’. Oracle sued Google for using their patented Java language – which they inherited as a part of Sun Microsystems acquisition – for the development of their Android OS. “I think what they did was absolutely evil which is completely different. And I know their slogan is “Don’t be evil” but, this time, they slipped out.” – He replied when asked about Page. This long gone fight was in the news last month, when Google went to seek court’s permission to press sanctions against an Oracle Lawyer.
Apart from these technology-centric legal battles, Ellison has also filed an off-track lawsuit. Once he filed a case against his neighbours because their acacia and three redwood trees were blocking his view. He actually hired a “tree lawyer” for that purpose.

Jeff Bezos:

Wealth: $47.8 billion
Nationality: American
Known For: Amazon
The technology entrepreneur Jeff Bezos – who wants to send Donald Trump into space – was one of the first investors to the search giant Google, who paid an amount of $250,000. He spent his childhood summer vacations at the ranch where his grandfather lived after taking premature retirement as a regional director of U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. He developed a technical interest at an early age and that reflected through his academic performance. Bezos attained the Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science and Electrical Engineering from Princeton University.
In 1994, he quit his job and founded a book selling website Amazon, which is now the largest e-commerce company in the world. Back then, the Quill Corp. v. North Dakota US Supreme Court Ruling was announced, that a business must have a physical presence in a state for that state to require it to collect sales taxes. This triggered the idea in Jeff’s mind for which he prepared the business plan while driving from New York to Seattle after kicking his high salary job. It was until the year 2012, Amazon took the advantage of the ruling to edge over its competitors in the retail sector.
Bezos also founded a human spaceflight company Blue Origin which was for the purpose of enabling private human access to space. When he was 18, he wanted to make space hotels, amusement parks and colonies for around 2 to 3 million people who will be in the orbit. His shopping bag also has The Washington Post which he bought in 2013 after paying a cash amount of $250 million.

Mark Zuckerberg:

Wealth: $41.2 billion
Nationality: American
Known For: Facebook
The billionaire Facebook boss whose first business card titled “I’m CEO, bitch”, is also a college dropout and works for an annual paycheck of $1. He started Facebook in his Harvard dorm with his fellow roommates. Initially, the website was confined to the Harvard campus but it was later expanded to nearby colleges and got worldwide recognition in the following years replacing Google’s Orkut from the throne. Even Zuckerberg wouldn’t have thought, his work would go this far.
Zuckerberg has a multilingual proficiency with command over Latin, Hebrew, French, ancient Greek, and most recently Chinese. He was a science geek in his childhood and won several prizes during his school years.
Zuckerberg’s Facebook journey was portrayed in the movie The Social Network released in 2010 – “I just wished that nobody made a movie of me while I was still alive” – Zuckerberg said.
In August 2013, Zuckerberg announced the internet.org initiative which was for the purpose of providing free basic internet services to the technology deprived population of countries like India. However, his initiative – which provided its services through an app called Free Basics – was much criticized for being a challenge to the open internet (net neutrality), as it featured only selected services, though, they were free. Recently, Facebook’s Free Basics app has been banned in India.
Apart from being considered as a Good Guy who wants to connect the world, Zuckerberg has fought legal battles against his Harvard seniors, who claimed that he made them believe he was working for their HarvardConnection.comproject but he used their resources to create Facebook. The lawsuit finally got settled for a $20 million cash payment and 1.2 million common shares transfer.
As a philanthropist, Zuckerberg has supported The Giving Pledge initiative in which he has committed to donate 50% of his wealth to charity over the course of time. Zuckerberg married to Priscilla Chan in 2012, and the couple started the Chan-Zuckerberg initiative. In an open letter to their newborn daughter Max, they announced that they would be transferring 99% (valued at 45 billion at the time of announcement) of their Facebook shares to the Chan-Zuckerberg initiative.

Larry Page:

Worth: $33.4 billion
Nationality: American
Known For: Google, Alphabet
Page was a Ph.D. student (dropped out later on) at Stanford, where he met Sergey Brin who was assigned the task to take new students on a campus tour. The two had argumental clashes all along the tour but they became friends over the time, finally moving ahead to create Google. Well, the two of them still have opinion differences, but they consider it as a positive point and helpful for their growth. That’s quite obvious, even the two sides of a coin aren’t the same but they do contribute to the value of the coin.
His love for technology was visible from his childhood, in fact, he was the first kid in his elementary school to submit a word-processed assignment. Both his mother and father were computer science faculties at the University of Michigan and his home was filled with lots of gadgets and science magazines.
He graduated from the University of Michigan where he used Lego Bricks to make an inkjet printer. The 42-year-old internet entrepreneur currently works as the CEO of the newly incorporated Alphabet which is the parent company to Google and another big projects that were earlier a part of Google. He is a business opportunist, it was at the time when Google was busy coding the payment system for its advertisement service and Larry came to know that users in Uzbekistan were unable to make payments by credit card, as it was not accepted in the country. So, he decided to take goats as a form of payment.
In his initial days at Google, Page was harsh, who often hurt people with his arguments. When he was appointed as the CEO for the second time, he declared a “zero tolerance for fighting” policy as he realised a harmonious environment was a must for the betterment of the company and the employees. He has a rare medical problem known as Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. In 2013, he announced that his right vocal cord is paralysed and his left vocal cord got paralysed in 1999. This problem ultimately stopped him from attending Google annual meetings.
Page is the owner of a $45 million super luxurious yacht which he bought in 2011. He also bought the properties next to his house in Palo Alto and deconstructed them make a new 6000-sq ft. Ecohouse which has a very low carbon footprint.

Top 10 Most Active Hacking Groups That Love To Deface Websites

John Matherly, the founder of the hacker search engine Shodan, releases a list of the most efficient hacking groups that love to deface websites. He has recently published the third edition of this list on Shodan blog. A Turkish hacking group named GHoST61 has topped the list for the third time. Talking about the underlying server technology, Apache Web was the most affected one.
Shodan is often labeled as the ‘world’s scariest search engine‘ or the hacker search engine. It was created by John Matherly who named this project after the evil computer in the video game System Shock. Every six months, he publishes a list of the top 10 most active hacking groups from all around the world when it comes to defacing websites.
The latest top 10 most efficient hacking groups list was released yesterday and it features GHoST61, a Turkish hacking group, at the top. This relatively unknown group has topped the list once again after claiming the top title in the previous two versions.
If we look at the list from previous years, there are just 4 familiar names in this year’s list — r00t-x (moved down 1 rank), TechnicaL(moved down 2 ranks) andvirus3033 (moved down 2 ranks).
Most of the attacks by these groups are opportunistic, which means that hackers just come across the unprotected websites, leave the defacement messages behind and move to bigger targets.

Top 10 website defacing hacking groups as of Jan 2016:

  • GHoST61: 51
  • Kadimoun: 39
  • AnonCoders: 35
  • r00t-x: 31
  • Shor7cut: 28
  • Owner Dzz: 27
  • Toxic Phantom FROM BANGLADESH BLACK HAT HACKERS: 27
  • TechnicaL: 21
  • virus3033: 21
  • Yuba: 17
If we come to the top targets of website defacers, the servers of Ecommerce Corporation remain the most affected, followed by Godaddy and Unified layer. The new entries in the list are CyrusOne, iServer Hosting, SoftLayer, New Dream Network and Digital Ocean.

Top 10 organizations containing most number of defaced websites:
  • Ecommerce Corporation
  • Unified Layer (+1)
  • GoDaddy (-1)
  • CyrusOne
  • iServer Hosting
  • SoftLayer Technologies
  • Media Temple (-1)
  • Peer1 Dedicated Hosting (-4)
  • New Dream Network
  • Digital Ocean
About the underlying server technology, the Apache Web is the most affected with 1,584 defaced websites. It’s followed by nginx with 222 and Microsoft’s ISS with 111 instances. Here’s the complete list:

WhatsApp Founder: “WhatsApp Is Now Free For All Users Forever”

According to WhatsApp founder Jan Koum, the Facebook-owned messaging app WhatsApp is going to drop its 99 cents annual usage fee. This statement was made by the founder of WhatsApp Jan Koum in Munich. It would be interesting to see which other ways will be explored by the company to earn money from its massive 900 million user base.
Currently, WhatsApp has over 900 million active monthly users and is really popular among its users. Now the company has decided to drop the $1 subscription fee.
According to its founder Jan Koum, dropping the annual usage fee will further help this company grow and will also help in attracting more users. Before the implementation of this policy, a user’s first year of use was free with subsequent years charged.
Dropping off the annual charges has warmed up the market on ‘how Facebook will make money from its WhatsApp messaging app?’. Traditionally, Facebook, the umbrella company of WhatsApp, makes money from its products by harvesting data and selling ads.
“Many WhatsApp users don’t have a debit or credit card number and they worried they’d lose access to their friends and family after their first year. So over the next several weeks, we’ll remove fees from the different versions of our app and WhatsApp will no longer charge you for our service,” according to a blog post by WhatsApp.
However, in the case of WhatsApp, this approach is not likely to be welcomed by many users. Because there are a plethora of messaging apps out there giving a plenty of alternatives available to choose from if WhatsApp decided to follow this path.
On the other hand, WhatsApp says it is going to explore different ways that let users communicate with businesses and other organizations for its future monetization. But that is too early to say.
According to Koum, no such code has been written to facilitate this change yet. The company still wouldn’t commit to whether it will add video calling in the future or not.
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The easy guide on how to access the Dark Web using Tor


A complete tutorial for accessing the Dark Web using Tor on Linux, Mac and Windows PCs

The Deep Web (or Invisible web) is the set of information resources on the World Wide Web not reported by normal search engines, according a raw estimation of some security experts clear web represents only a small portion of the overall web content, the remaining part is unknown to the majority of web users.
Ordinary web users are literally shocked when understand the existence of the Deep Web, a network of interconnected systems, not indexed, having a size hundreds of times higher than the current web, around 500 times.
As the name suggests, the Dark Web is an extremely large and hidden portion of the internet, and this guide will help you to access it in a very ‘simple to follow’ guide. Let us start.

Getting started

In order to access the Dark Web, you will be required to download and installed a browser called Tor. While it is compatible with both Windows and Mac OS X, we will not be recommending you to use these platforms, and for very good reasons, which is security and of course privacy. The damage being inflicted on your operating system in the form of bugs is going to be extremely detrimental, not to mention that you might become the target of government officials, so make sure that you know what you are getting yourself into. Also, it is recommended that you are running the latest version of Mozilla Firefox, since it uses up less resources of your system and also blows up less number of whistles as far as privacy is concerned.

Download the official application

It is imperative that you read this very carefully. Do not download Tor from any other download site, and we highly recommend that you take the installation file from the official website. After you have downloaded the software, you can wish to test its legitimacy with the Tor Project’s GPG signatures as per the method below.

How to identify the legitimacy of a Tor browser download

You have to be careful every step of the way so here are the necessary steps that you should take in order to check if the software is legitimate or not.
Save the GPG signatures to the same directory as the Tor download and using these tools you can use the following process. Keep in mind that this is going to be for both the Mac and Linux platforms. Make sure that you have GPG Tools for Mac installed and GnuPG for Linux installed. Now, follow the steps given below (keep in mind that you will see the term ‘Download-Location’ at various locations of the guide. Replace this with the actual location of your download to avoid unnecessary obstacles standing in your way).
1. Import the public key of the Tor project (type in the same manner):
2. gpg –keyserver x-hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net –recv-keys 0x4E2C6E8793298290
3. Verify on Linux using the following command: gpg –verify ~/DownloadLocation/tor-browser-linux*.tar.xz{.asc*,}
4. Verify on Mac using the following command: gpg –verify ~/DownloadLocation/TorBrowser-VERSION-osx*_en-US.dmg{.asc*,}
The results should look something like the image below:

For Windows, it is going to be a little trickier so be sure to follow the steps without missing anything
1. Get GPG for Windows. The files can be obtained from here
2. Fire up windows command prompt, or cmd (opening as Administrator is recommended)
3. Import the Tor Project signature: “C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe” –keyserver x-hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net –recv-keys 0x4E2C6E8793298290
4. To verify the signature using GPG for Windows: “C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe” –verify C:\DownloadLocation\torbrowser-install-VERSION_en-US.exe.asc
C:\DownloadLocation\torbrowser-install-VERSION_en-US.exe
5. Keep in mind that all this process has to be carried out through cmd, or command prompt.

How to successfully install Tor on various operating systems

Here is how you will successfully be able to install the Tor browser on various platforms. Let us begin.

Linux (Debian based systems)

You will have the option of installing the Official Tor Repository and downloading it directly. This will save time and verification will be done automatically for you.
Debian: nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Insert: deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jessie main deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jessie main
Next, do the following:
Ctrl+O
apt-get update
apt-get install tor

Ubuntu

nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Insert: deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org trusty main deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org trusty main
Ctrl+O
apt-get update
apt-get install tor

Mac

1. Download and install Macports from here
2. Next, open a terminal and type the following command: sudo port install tor

Windows

Installing the Tor Browser to access the Dark Web on Windows is the simplest process possible. Just install the program like you would any other program.

How to navigate around the Dark Web


Keep in mind that this is not Google, but the Dark Web, so it will be difficult for you in finding your way around. This is exactly the reason why a Hidden Wiki exists. There are two versions of Hidden Wiki; one is a uncensored version, which will help you to access explicit content, or things that a righteous man would certainly condemn. As for the censored version, it will display the information as you can see in the image below.

thank you for reading :)

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