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تحریر اشفاق احمد

نیا نیا دین پڑھنا شروع کیا تھا۔ نمازیں وقت پر ادا ہونے لگیں، اذکار، نوافل، تلاوتِ قرآن۔ میوزک کی جگہ دینی لیکچرز، پردہ۔ ایک کے بعد ایک تبدیلی۔۔ زندگی میں سکون تو تھا ہی لیکن اب سکون کی انتہا ہونے لگی۔ تشکر سے دل بھر گیا۔ جہاں ایک طرف سب کچھ perfection کی طرف جا رہا تھا، وہاں ساتھ ہی ایک بہت بڑی خرابی نے ہلکے ہلکے دل میں سر اٹھانا شروع کیا۔ تکبر! جی۔ یہی شیطان کی چالیں ہیں۔ اول تو وہ دین کی طرف آنے نہیں دیتا۔ اگر اس مرحلے میں ناکام ہو جائیں تو ریا کاری کروا کے نیکی ضائع کرواتا ہے ، دل میں تکبر ڈال کر ضائع کرواتا ہے۔مجھے یہ تو نظر آتا تھا کہ فلاں نے تین ہفتے سے نمازِ جمعہ ادا نہیں کی تو اسکے دل پر مہر لگ گئی ہے، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا تھا کہ اللّٰہ تعالٰی نے ساری زندگی زنا کرنے والی اس عورت کو پیاسے کتے کو پانی پلانے پر بخش دیا۔ مجھے یہ تو دکھائی دیتا کہ فلاں لڑکی نے پردہ نہیں کیا، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا کہ رائی جتنا تکبر مجھے کہیں جہنم میں نہ گرا دے۔ مجھے یہ تذکرہ کرنا تو یاد رہتا کہ فلاں نے داڑھی رک لی اور نماز ادا نہیں کی، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا کہ کسی کی غیبت کر کے مردار بھائی کا گوشت کھانے کی مرتکب تو میں بھی ہو رہا ہوں۔
یہ سلسلہ کچھ عرصہ یونہی چلتا رہا۔ پھر ایک بار کسی نے بڑے پیارے انداز میں ایک قصہ سنایا۔ قصہ ایک فقیر کا تھا۔ وہ مسجد کے آگے مانگنے بیٹھا۔ نمازی باہر نکلے تو انہیں اپنی نمازوں پر بڑا زعم تھا۔ فقیر کو ڈانٹ کر بھگا دیا۔ وہاں سے اٹھ کر فقیر مندر گیا۔ پجاری باہر آئے تو اس کے ساتھ وہی سلوک یہاں بھی ہوا۔ تنگ آ کر وہ شراب خانے کے باہر بیٹھ گیا۔ جو شرابی باہر آتا اور اسے کچھ دے دیتا، ساتھ میں دعا کا کہتا کہ ہم تو بڑے گناہگار ہیں، کیا پتہ تجھے دیا ہوا ہی بخشش کا باعث بن جائے۔
مجھے سمجھ آ گئی تھی کہ گناہ کر کے شرمندہ ہونا نیکی کر کے تکبر کرنے سے بہتر ہے۔
یہ قصہ میرے لئے turning point ثابت ہوا۔ ہم سب کو اپنے آپ کا جائزہ لینے کی شدید ضرورت ہے۔ ضرور امر بالمعروف اور نہی عن المنکر کریں لیکن judgement کا کام رب کے لئے چھوڑ دیں۔ نیکی کا کام دل میں امت کا درد اور محبت لے کر کرنے سے ہو گا، اپنے آپکو باقیوں سے برتر سمجھ کر نہیں۔ کانٹے بچھا کر پھولوں کی توقع کیسے کی جا سکتی ہے؟
نفرتیں پھیلا کر محبتیں کسیے سمیٹی جا سکتی ہیں؟
دوسروں کی اصلاح کریں لیکن اپنے رویئے پر کڑی نگاہ رکھنا نہ بھولیں۔
بابا جی اشفاق احمد صحیح کہتے ہیں، ہمیں اپنے گلے کے بچھو نظر نہیں آتے اور دوسروں کی مکھیاں اڑانے کی فکر لگی ہوئی ہے۔

I have come to the pinnacle of success in business.

In the eyes of others, my life has been the symbol of success.

However, apart from work, I have little joy. Finally, my wealth is simply a fact to which I am accustomed.

At this time, lying on the hospital bed and remembering all my life, I realize that all the accolades and riches of which I was once so proud, have become insignificant with my imminent death.

In the dark, when I look at green lights, of the equipment for artificial respiration and feel the buzz of their mechanical sounds, I can feel the breath of my approaching death looming over me.

Only now do I understand that once you accumulate enough money for the rest of your life, you have to pursue objectives that are not related to wealth.

It should be something more important:

For example, stories of love, art, dreams of my childhood.

No, stop pursuing wealth, it can only make a person into a twisted being, just like me.

God has made us one way, we can feel the love in the heart of each of us, and not illusions built by fame or money, like I made in my life, I cannot take them with me.

I can only take with me the memories that were strengthened by love.

This is the true wealth that will follow you; will accompany you, he will give strength and light to go ahead.

Love can travel thousands of miles and so life has no limits. Move to where you want to go. Strive to reach the goals you want to achieve. Everything is in your heart and in your hands.

What is the world's most expensive bed? The hospital bed.

You, if you have money, you can hire someone to drive your car, but you cannot hire someone to take your illness that is killing you.

Material things lost can be found. But one thing you can never find when you lose: life.

Whatever stage of life where we are right now, at the end we will have to face the day when the curtain falls.

Please treasure your family love, love for your spouse, love for your friends...

Treat everyone well and stay friendly with your neighbors.

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Short Description: SQL injection is most dangerous attack for web application, there are a lot of different websites are vulnerable to SQL injection. There are different variant for SQL injection like a simple SQL injection, blind SQL injection and Cookies based SQL injection. As you know the basic idea about cookies and their importance, cookies are represent some session and normally they count in cross site scripting attack (XSS) but what is cookies based SQL injection. In this article we will discuss cookies or session based SQL injection attack.

Did you say a “Cookie”

A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie, is used for an origin website to send state information to a user’s browser and for the browser to return the state information to the origin site. The state information can be used for authentication, identification of a user session, user’s preferences, shopping cart contents, or anything else that can be accomplished through storing text data.
Cookies are not software. They cannot be programmed, cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on the host computer. However, they can be used by spyware to track user’s browsing activities – a major privacy concern that prompted European and US law makers to take action. Cookies could also be stolen by hackers to gain access to a victim’s web account.[1]

Where can I find my cookies?

Here is one way to get your stored cookies using your browser. This method is applied for Mozilla Firefox:

1. From the Tools menu, select Options. If the menu bar is hidden, press Alt to make it visible.

2. At the top of the window that appears, click Privacy.

4. To modify settings, from the drop-down menu under “History”, select Use custom settings for history. Then enable or disable the settings by checking or unchecking the boxes next to each setting:

To allow sites to set cookies on your computer, select Accept cookies from sites. To specify which sites are always or never allowed to use cookies, click Exceptions.

To accept third-party cookies, check Accept third-party cookies. In the drop-down menu next to “Keep until:”, select the time period you wish to keep cookies on your computer.

To view the cookies stored on your computer, click Show Cookies… . In the window that appears, you can view the cookies on your computer, search for cookies, and remove any or all of the listed cookies.

To specify how the browser should clear the private data it stores, check Clear history when Firefox closes. Then, click Settings… . You can specify the items to be cleared when you close Firefox.

4. Click OK until you return to the Firefox window.

To remove all cookies, from the Tools menu, select Clear recent history… . Check the items you want to clear, and then click Clear Now.

Are you talking about a Cookie Poisoning-like attack?

Cookie Poisoning attacks involve the modification of the contents of a cookie (personal information stored in a Web user’s computer) in order to bypass security mechanisms. Using cookie poisoning attacks, attackers can gain unauthorized information about another user and steal their identity.

Cookie poisoning is a known technique mainly for achieving impersonation and breach of privacy through manipulation of session cookies, which maintain the identity of the client. By forging these cookies, an attacker can impersonate a valid client, and thus gain information and perform actions on behalf of the victim. The ability to forge such session cookies (or more generally, session tokens) stems from the fact that the tokens are not generated in a secure way.[4]

To sum up, cookie-based SQL Injection is far to be a kind of Cookie Poisoning.

Cookie variables as a vector of SQL Injections:

SQL injection overview

A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or “injection” of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application. A successful SQL injection exploit can read sensitive data from the database, modify database data (Insert/Update/Delete), execute administration operations on the database (such as shutdown the DBMS), recover the content of a given file present on the DBMS file system and in some cases issue commands to the operating system. SQL injection attacks are a type of injection attack, in which SQL commands are injected into data-plane input in order to effect the execution of predefined SQL commands.

All data sent by the browser to a Web application, if used in a SQL query, can be manipulated in order to inject SQL code: GET and POST parameters, cookies and other HTTP headers. Some of these values can be found in the environment variables. The GET and POST parameters are typically entered into HTML forms, they can contain hidden fields, i.e. information that is in form but not shown. GET parameters are contained in the URL and POST parameters are passed as HTTP content. Nowadays, and with the growth of Web 2.0 technologies, the GET and POST requests can also be generated by JavaScript.

Injecting malicious code in cookie:

Unlike other parameters, cookies are not supposed to be handled by users. Outside of session cookies which are (usually) random, cookies may contain data in clear or encoded in hexadecimal, base64, hashes (MD5, SHA1), serialized information. If we can determine the encoding used, we will attempt to inject SQL commands.

function is_user($user) {

global $prefix, $db, $user_prefix;

if(!is_array($user)) {

        $user = base64_decode($user);

        $user = explode(“:”, $user);

$uid = “$user[0]“;

$pwd = “$user[2]“;

} else {

$uid = “$user[0]“;

$pwd = “$user[2]“;

}

if ($uid != “” AND $pwd != “”) {

    $sql = “SELECT user_password FROM “.$user_prefix.”_users WHERE user_id=’$uid’”;

$result = $db->sql_query($sql);

$row = $db->sql_fetchrow($result);

$pass = $row[user_password];

if($pass == $pwd && $pass != “”) {

return 1;

}

}

return 0;

}

The cookie contains base64 encoded form identifier, a field that is unknown and a password. If we use as a cookie 12345 ‘UNION SELECT’ mypass ‘:: mypass base64 encoded, the SQL query becomes:

SELECT user_password FROM nk_users WHERE user_id=’12345′ UNION SELECT ‘mypass’

This query returns the password mypass, the same password as we have to provide. So we are connected.

How to inject the code in Cookies?

There are many HTTP interceptors and HTTP editors that can intercept the HTTP request before it is sent to the server. Then the tester can introduce his malicious SQL statement in the cookie field.
It’s like a get/post based SQL Injection, except that certain characters can’t be used. Forexample, ‘;‘ and ‘,‘ are typically treated as delimiters, so they endthe injection if they aren’t URL-encoded.

Conclusion

Cookie variables sometimes are not properly sanitized before being used in SQL query. This can be used to bypass authentication or make any SQL query by injecting arbitrary SQL code. For the web application audits, cookie variables should be added to the list of parameters to be checked.

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Short Description: The concept of DNA computing was first introduced in 1994. It deals with the “bio-chips” made of DNA that are able to perform billions of calculations at once by multiplying themselves in number. In other words, a DNA computer grows as it computes. In a recent development, the researchers from the University of Manchester have shown that the creation of this conceptual computer is possible in real life.

ntel is struggling to increase the speed of their CPU's due to the limitations of Moore’s law. The other processor makers are also working hard to beat the speed records. There’s no denying the fact that researchers and scientists need to look for silicon alternatives for faster computing. The silicon-based computers have a finite number of processors and, thus, their capabilities are also finite.

What is a DNA computer? How does it work?

Long back in 1994, the concept of computing with DNA was first proposed to make calculations faster even with a small footprint. Its major highlight was the ability to multiply itself and carry out numerous calculations simultaneously. In other words, unlike a normal computer that performs calculations one after another, a DNA computer does those calculations at once by making multiple copies of itself.

Coming back to the introduction of the concept of DNA computing in 1994, it was invented by the famous cryptographer Leonard Adleman who used DNA to solve the “traveling salesman” problem. The problem aimed at finding out the shortest route between a number of cities by going through each city only once. Adleman showed that billions of molecules in a drop of DNA had so much computational power that can simply overpower silicon and the powerful human-based computers.

In his experiment, the strands of DNA represented 7 cities. The sequences of genetic alphabets A, T, C, and G represented cities and the path. After this, when the DNA molecules were mixed in a test tube, some DNA strands stuck together and the chains of strands were the possible answers. Using some chemical reactions, wrong molecules were removed. You can read more about the process in detail in this paper written by Adleman himself.

These DNA molecules are able to store billions of times more data as compared to tradition storage devices. Due to an abundance availability of DNA, it’s a cheap resource. Also, a DNA computer will be environment-friendly and compact in size.

What’s the latest progress? Is DNA computing going to be a reality very soon?

In 1997, the researchers at the University of Rochester developed basic DNA logic gates, which was seen as a breakthrough. Recently, a major development in the field of DNA computing was made by the researchers from the University of Manchester, which is famous for creating first stored memory electronic computer.

The researchers have shown that it’s possible to build a DNA computer that’ll grow as it’ll compute. This concept is also being called a nondeterministic universal Turing machine (NUTM).

As the DNA molecules are very tiny, a desktop “DNA” computer can utilize more processors than all the electronic computers in the world combined. “And therefore outperform the world’s current fastest supercomputer, while consuming a tiny fraction of its energy,” according to Professor King of Manchester’s School of Computer Science.

In a research paper, they have described the physical design for an NUTM that implements a universal Thue system. This design uses the DNA’s ability to replicate to execute an exponential number of paths. Their paper shows that this design works using in vitro molecular biology experimentation and computation modeling. You can read the research paper to know more details.

Currently, the field of DNA computing is in its nascent stage, and it’ll take a long time to develop a working DNA computer. But, whatever might be the rate of progress, the concept surely sounds exciting.

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Stack Overflow has released its much-anticipated Developer Survey 2017. This year, over 64,000 developers took part in the survey and shared their preferences. The survey revealed that for the fifth time in a row, JavaScript was the most commonly used programming language, followed by SQL and Java.

Stack Overflow is the world’s largest online community for programmers where they can learn languages, share code, and help each other. The website also releases its annual developer survey which gives a pretty solid idea of current programming trends, the work lives of developers, their habits and preferences, etc.

Since 2011, Stack Overflow is conducting this survey each year. This year’s survey is the biggest in Stack Overflow’s history with 64,000 developers taking part. Over the course of next few days, I’ll be telling you about some of the major highlights of this survey.

Most popular programming languages:

For the fifth time in a row, JavaScript has topped the list of the most commonly used programming languages. JavaScript is followed by SQL and Java.

The growth of Python is notable. It has overtaken PHP for the first time in five years. Here’s the list of the most popular programming languages:

Most popular frameworks, libraries:

In this category, Node.js and AngularJS continue to be the most commonly used technologies:

Most popular databases:

For the first time in its survey, Stack Overflow asked the developers what databases they were using. MySQL and SQL Server turned out to be the biggest databases:

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As we all know, the annual festival for lovers to celebrate love is coming near. Of course, we are talking about "Valentine's Day", it is a no-brainer that most people who enjoys this holiday more are the committed couples. Generally, it is a time for us to celebrate romance and love and everything cheesy. Valentine's day may be cheesy since it focuses on giving sweets and seeing cupids around. But don't get fooled, the love festival actually has a dark, bloody and muddled origin.

"Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14. It originated as a Western Christian liturgical feast day honoring one or more early saints named Valentinus, and is recognized as a significant cultural and commercial celebration in many regions around the world, although it is not a public holiday in any country." - Wikipedia

Though no one has been able to pinpoint the exact origin of the holiday, one good and more accurate place to begin is ancient Rome, where men hit on women by, well, hitting them. From February 13 to 15, the Romans celebrated the feast of Lupercalia. It is known to have men sacrifice a goat and a dog, then whipped women with the hides of the animals they had just slain. The Roman romantics were depicted as drunk and naked during this holiday according to Noel Lenski, a historian at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The holiday centers around the young women who would confidently line up for men to hit them. They believed that getting hit during this holiday would make them fertile. The brutal belief also includes a matchmaking lottery, in which young men drew the names of women from a jar. Then, the couple would be coupled up for the duration of the festival or longer, if the match seems to be accurate. The early Romans was known to be responsible for the name of this love festival. Emperor Claudius II executed two men who possesses the name "Valentine" on February 14 of different years in the 3rd century A.D. Their act of humbleness and kindness known to be martyrdom was greatly honored by the Catholic Church in which, the celebration of St. Valentine's Day started to be practiced.

Before too long, Pope Gelasius I mixed things up in the 5th century by combining St. Valentine's Day with Lupercalia to remove the pagan rituals. He might have won that time but the festival became more of a theatrical interpretation of what it had once been. People was a little more on a drunken revel, but at least, the Christians put clothes back on it. Even if the celebration toned down some acts of people during February 14, it still didn't stop the festival from being a day of fertility and love. During that time, the Normans celebrated Galatin's Day. Galatin is known to have a meaning; "lover of women." It was likely confused with St. Valentine's Day at some point, due to they sound alike.

William Shakespeare is known worldwide and considered to be a great person who revolutionized literature of our time also helped in giving more "love factor" and romanticized Valentine's Day through his work. He did not failed as it gained popularity throughout Britain and the rest of Europe. As the years went by, the holiday grew more sweeter. Chaucer and Shakespeare romanticized it in their work, and it gained popularity throughout Britain and the rest of Europe. Handmade paper cards became the tokens-du-jour in the Middle Ages. Eventually, the tradition made its way to the New World. The industrial revolution ushered in factory-made cards in the 19th century. And in 1913, Hallmark Cards of Kansas City, Mo., began mass producing valentines. February has not been the same since. And until now, people are known to be celebrating this festival with more relevance to Shakespeare's idea.

Fast forward to present times, the holiday is still known to be a big business. And so the celebration of Valentine's Day goes on, in variety of ways.Some will find time to spend this day with their significant other, while some will break the bank buying jewelry and flowers for their beloved partners. Some might still find this day worth celebrating even if they are single and alone. But if in case, you want to find a way to somehow lessen the romantic feel of Valentine's day, then its dark origins may help!

Safety should always be our top priority. With the help of just a few short codes, you can find out more about the settings of your phone and work out whether or not your messages and information are protected and whether you’re being tracked.

We has gathered together some of the most useful and important codes for smartphones all in one article, together with some instructions for those who’re worried about being tracked.

With this code, you can find out whether your calls, messages, and other data are being diverted. The status of the different types of diversions that are taking place along with the number the information is being transferred to will be displayed on your phone’s screen. This function is most often set up by either jealous partners or parents who are trying to protect their kids from spam or criminals. Elderly people often become victims of this practice when they lend their phone to a stranger to make a single call. If they do so, they risk having information about where they live, who their friends and family are, their habits and daily activities, and even their financial circumstances passed on to criminals.

Dial this code if you want to find out where calls, messages, and data are being redirected to if it seems that no one can get through to you. The chances are in this case that your voice calls are being redirected to one of your cell phone operator’s numbers.

This is a universal code for switching off all forms of redirection away from your phone. It’s a good idea to use this before you have to use roaming. In this case, money won’t be taken from your account for calls that are redirected by default to your voice mail.

With the help of this code, you can find out your IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identifier). If you know this number, you can find your phone if someone steals it. When switched on, its location is automatically conveyed to the network operator even if a different SIM card is inserted. If someone knows your IMEI number, they can find out the model and technical characteristics of your phone.

Special codes exist that allow someone to track your location and also to determine whether someone is following you. For this, you need the utility net-monitor. Type in one of the following codes:

for iPhone: *3001#12345#*

for Android: *#*#4636#*#* or *#*#197328640#*#*

Step 1. Go to the section called UMTS Cell Environment, then UMTS RR info, and write down all the numbers under Cell ID. These numbers are the basic stations located nearby. Your phone will connect by default to the one that emits the best signal.

Step 2. Go back to the main menu, and click on the MM info tab, then on Serving PLMN. Write down the numbers under Local Area Code (LAC).

Step 3. With the help of these two numbers and an ordinary website (the fourth tab to the left), you can determine the location on the map of the basic station that your phone is connected to.

The ones to be suspicious of are mobile basic stations — this could be a truck or small bus with a large antenna. These kinds of vehicles are used at rock festivals and in places where Internet coverage is poor. If there’s one of them nearby, seemingly without any logical reason, it’s just possible that someone is engaged in spying.

If you use Android, you should periodically check your phone for viruses. Place Raiders one of the most dangerous ones that can infect your device. Developed by American experts, it was meant to show how vulnerable our devices are. Once it gets onto a phone, this Trojan takes a series of photographs of the surrounding area, creates a 3D model of the building you’re in, and then takes advantage of any Internet connection to send the data that it’s gathered, adding along with it all the data on the phone and your passwords.

National security agencies in virtually all countries now cooperate with cell phone operators, who often provide the former with access to information on any of their customers provided they have a warrant from a court. As a minimum, they provide data from the last three months.

If your phone has been tapped by a security agency, the chances are you won’t even notice. If a phone makes odd noises during a conversation, loses battery power rapidly, overheats, or unexpectedly restarts, this is merely an indication that you need to get it repaired rather than a telltale sign that you’re being listened to.

People generally don’t reveal all that much in phone conversations, so from the point of view of those who want to listen in it’s much more worthwhile to set up special devices ("bugs") in someone’s home. Radio wave detectors can be used to work out whether such bugs are present in a building.
Use messaging apps that are completely closed to outsiders, such as Telegram, Chare, Wickr, or Signal.

Determine what information it’s safe to make accessible to all. Should everyone really be able to find out your phone number or have access to information about your family, loved ones, or your lifestyle? Be very careful when posting photographs of children.

Don’t install unknown programs on your phone, keep close track of the apps you have installed, and use multiple security locks wherever you can. Don’t click on unsafe links, and don’t connect your phone to suspicious "free" charging points.

Only your cell phone operator should ever offer you tracking services, and they should only turn them on with your explicit agreement. Websites and applications that offer to find out the location of other people are almost certainly acting with criminal intent. Be careful!

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The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho is one of the best-selling books in history. The story of Santiago, the shepherd boy on a journey to realize his “Personal Legend” has inspired people all over the world to live their dreams.
Here are ten of the most popular passages and lessons to apply to your life:

1. Fear is a bigger obstacle than the obstacle itself
“Tell your heart that the fear of suffering is worse than the suffering itself. And that no heart has ever suffered when it goes in search of its dreams, because every second of the search is a second’s encounter with God and with eternity.”
Any new pursuit requires entering uncharted territory — that’s scary. But with any great risk comes great reward. The experiences you gain in pursuing your dream will make it all worthwhile.

2. What is “true” will always endure
“If what one finds is made of pure matter, it will never spoil. And one can always come back. If what you had found was only a moment of light, like the explosion of a star, you would find nothing on your return.”
Truth cannot be veiled by smoke and mirrors — it will always stand firm. When you’re searching for the “right” decision, it will be the one that withstands the tests of time and the weight of scrutiny.

3. Break the monotony
“When each day is the same as the next, it’s because people fail to recognize the good things that happen in their lives every day that the sun rises.”
Gratitude is the practice of finding the good in each day. Life can easily become stagnant, mundane, and monotonous, but that changes depending on what we choose to see. There’s always a silver lining, if you look for it.

4. Embrace the present
“Because I don’t live in either my past or my future. I’m interested only in the present. If you can concentrate always on the present, you’ll be a happy man.”
There’s no point dwelling in the past and letting it define you, nor getting lost and anxious about the future. But in the present moment, you’re in the field of possibility — how you engage with the present moment will direct your life.

5. Your success has a ripple-effect
“That’s what alchemists do. They show that, when we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better, too.”
Growth, change, and evolution are weaved into the fabric of reality. Becoming a better version of yourself creates a ripple effect that benefits everything around you: your lifestyle, your family, your friends, your community.

6. Make the decision
“When someone makes a decision, he is really diving into a strong current that will carry him to places he has never dreamed of when he first made the decision.”
It’s easy to get overwhelmed by the unknowns and finer details of your dreams. Actions will flow out of having confidence in your decision; sitting on the fence will get you nowhere.

7. Be unrealistic
“I see the world in terms of what I would like to see happen, not what actually does.”
Some of the greatest inventions would not have happened if people chose to accept the world as it is. Great achievements and innovations begin with a mindset that ignores the impossible.

8. Keep getting back up
“The secret of life, though, is to fall seven times and to get up eight times.”
Because the eighth time could be your breakthrough. Some of the greatest novels in history were published after receiving hundreds of rejections. Thankfully, those authors never gave up.

9. Focus on your own journey
“If someone isn’t what others want them to be, the others become angry. Everyone seems to have a clear idea of how other people should lead their lives, but none about his or her own.”
It’s easy to be influenced by others, but you’ll be miserable if you end up living someone else’s life. There’s nothing wrong with taking advice and learning from others, but make sure it aligns with your desires and passions.

10. Always take action
“There is only one way to learn. It’s through action.”
You can study, read, and listen until you turn blue in the face, but the full experience is when you take action, and let the rubber meet the road. Once you’re done aiming, pull the trigger.

Short Description: C and R are one of the most popular single letter programming languages. There are other lesser-known one-letter programming languages that solve specific problems. While F was developed as modern Fortran, K can be used to write elaborate programs in just a few characters. There exist other one letter programming languages like D, J, and M.

part from C, other single letter programming languages are aimed at performing specialized tasks. Many of them have a cult following in the developer community, thanks to their ability to solve tricky problems.

Just like C, another popular single letter programming language is R. It’s used to study numbers and create graphs with intricate data. Earlier, R was called S. In this article, I’ll be telling you about some more single letter programming languages. Let’s take a look:

6 Lesser Known Single Letter Programming Languages

D Programming Language

D is an object-oriented multi-paradigm system programming language with C-like syntax and static typing. It was developed by re-engineering C++ programming language. Apart from inheriting the C++ features, this single letter programming language also has some characteristics of other languages like C#, Java, Ruby, and Python. dlang.org

Also Read: Present Education System

F Programming language

F was developed as modern Fortran. It’s a minimal subset of the language with about one hundred intrinsic procedures. It’s a compiled, modular, numeric programming language that’s designed to work with legacy Fortran 77 code. F was first included in g95 compiler.Fortran.com/F

J Programming language

J is a single letter programming language with a normal character set that offers the power of APL. It’s a high-level, high-performance, general purpose programming language that runs on 32/64-bit Windows/Linux/Mac, iOS, and Android. Its applications include mathematical, statistical, and logical analysis of data. Since 2011, J is free and open source under GPLv3 license. Jsoftware.com

K Programming Language

K is a proprietary language from array processing. Originally developed in 1993, this single letter language is a variant of APL and infuses the elements of Scheme. After its commercialization by Kx Systems, its open source fork Kona came into the picture. K lets one write detailed algorithms to deal with arrays with the help of just a few keystrokes. Kx.com

M Programming Language

M, or alternatively MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System), is a general purpose programming language. Its key feature is an inbuilt database that enables high-level access to storage, using simple symbolic program variables and subscripted arrays to access the main memory. M uses the same basic syntax to access volatile memory and non-volatile storage, providing a high-performance data access. Today, it’s used in many large hospitals for data processing. MUMPS

P Programming Language

P is Microsoft’s programming language for asynchronous event-driven programming and Internet of Things applications. It’s a domain specific language that compiles to and interoperates with C. Microsoft has used this single letter programming language to implement and validate the USB device driver stack that comes with Windows Phone and Windows 8. Earlier this year, P was open sourced by Redmond. P on GitHu

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Did you say a “Cookie”

Where can I find my cookies?

Here is one way to get your stored cookies using your browser. This method is applied for Mozilla Firefox:

1. From the Tools menu, select Options. If the menu bar is hidden, press Alt to make it visible.

2. At the top of the window that appears, click Privacy.

4. To modify settings, from the drop-down menu under “History”, select Use custom settings for history. Then enable or disable the settings by checking or unchecking the boxes next to each setting:

4. Click OK until you return to the Firefox window.

To remove all cookies, from the Tools menu, select Clear recent history… . Check the items you want to clear, and then click Clear Now.

Are you talking about a Cookie Poisoning-like attack?

Cookie variables as a vector of SQL Injections:

SQL injection overview

Injecting malicious code in cookie:

The cookie contains base64 encoded form identifier, a field that is unknown and a password. If we use as a cookie 12345 ‘UNION SELECT’ mypass ‘:: mypass base64 encoded, the SQL query becomes:

This query returns the password mypass, the same password as we have to provide. So we are connected.

How to inject the code in Cookies?

Conclusion

Cookie variables sometimes are not properly sanitized before being used in SQL query. This can be used to bypass authentication or make any SQL query by injecting arbitrary SQL code. For the web application audits, cookie variables should be added to the list of parameters to be checked.

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What is a DNA computer? How does it work?

What’s the latest progress? Is DNA computing going to be a reality very soon?

Most popular programming languages:

Most popular frameworks, libraries:

Most popular databases:

Safety should always be our top priority. With the help of just a few short codes, you can find out more about the settings of your phone and work out whether or not your messages and information are protected and whether you’re being tracked.

We has gathered together some of the most useful and important codes for smartphones all in one article, together with some instructions for those who’re worried about being tracked.

6 Lesser Known Single Letter Programming Languages

D Programming Language

F Programming language

J Programming language

K Programming Language

M Programming Language

P Programming Language

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